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C1: Principles of Surgery: 00 C1 V2
C1: Principles of Surgery
00 C1 V2
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table of contents
Principles of Surgery
History Taking: Common Surgical Symptoms
Introduction
Presenting Complaint
History of Presenting Complaint–Pain
Mnemonics to Help Remember Important Questions
Site
Radiation
Character: If necessary, give examples but avoid leading questions.
Onset
Periodicity
Duration
Severity (Out of 10)
Associated symptoms
Relieving factors
Aggravating factors
Risk Factors
Past Medical/Surgical History
Medication History
Allergies
Family History
Social History
Systems Review
Summary
Upper GI Symptoms
Dyspepsia
Dysphagia
Gastro-Oesophageal Reflux Disease (GORD)/Heartburn
Haematemesis
Lower Gi Symptoms
Altered Bowel Habit
Rectal bleeding: Usually on the surface of the stool.
Tenesmus
Hepatobiliary Symptoms
Jaundice
Peripheral Arterial Disease Symptoms
Claudication
Rest Pain
Urology Symptoms
Dysuria
Haematuria
Differential Diagnosis of the Acute Abdomen
Key Points
Differential Diagnosis of Epigastric PainPeptic Ulcer Disease/Gastritis
Pancreatitis
Figure 1.1 General Guidance With Regional Differential Diagnosis of An Acute Abdomen. Locations Can Vary And Patients Might Have Different Presentations of Each Condition.
GORD
Cardiac (Myocardial Infarction (Mi)/Pericarditis)
Ruptured AAA
Differential Diagnosis of Right Upper Quadrant (RUQ) Pain
Biliary Colic
Cholecystitis/Cholangitis
Hepatitis
Pneumonia
Differential Diagnosis of LOQ Pain
Differential Diagnosis of Umbilical Pain
Differential Diagnosis of Right/Left Flank Pain
Differential Diagnosis of Diffuse Abdominal Pain
Gastroenteritis
Acute Mesenteric Ischaemia
Chronic Mesenteric Ischaemia
Bowel Obstruction
Differential Diagnosis of Right Iliac Fossa (Rif) Pain
Appendicitis
Ectopic pregnancy
Ruptured Ovarian Cyst
Mittelschmerz (Ovulation Pain)
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (Pid)
Inguinal hernia
Ureteric Stone
Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Differential Diagnosis of Left Iliac Fossa (LIF) Pain
Differential Diagnosis of Suprapubic Pain
Surgical Incisions/Scars
Drains
Key Points
Complications
Types of Drains
Nutrition In Surgical Patients
Key Points
Poor Nutrition Leads To the Following ERIC NOT AS HEADING?
Body Mass Index (BMI)
Types of Nutritional Support
Medications In Surgery
Pre-Operative Medicines Management
Patients On Warfarin
Reversing Warfarin
Fluids In Surgical Patients
Common Indications
Assessing Fluid Balance
Fluid Requirements
Fluid Compartments
Fluid Types
Fluid Challenge
Special Circumstances
Special Surgical Circumstances
Administration of Blood Products
Sepsis
Diagnosis of Sepsis
Adjunctive Investigations
Severe Sepsis Management
Septic Shock
Management of Septic Shock
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